This paper surveys parallel scheduling problems and metrics correlated to and then applys metrics to make decision in comparison to other policy schedulers. Parallel processing is new trend in computer science especially in embedded and multicore systems whereas needs more power consumption to reach speed up. The QOS requirement for users is to have good responsiveness and for service providers or system owners to have high throughput and low power consumption in parallel processing or embedded multicore systems. Moreover, fairness is vital issue to make decision wether the scheduler is good or not. Using the metrics is very intricate because misleadling metrics will cause to lose performance and system utility that is why the metrics has been opted cautiously in this paper. However, satisfying all of the objects in which have potentially conflicts is computationally NP-Hard. So, tradeoff between metrics is needed. This paper indicates DEA FDH model based on linear programming that will select the optimal scheduling near to exact solution.

In this research, the interval linear fractional programming model is considered. Since this model is an interval model, hence we are looking for methods where an optimal solution set is obtained. In this paper, we suggest two methods for the determination optimal solution set of the ILFP model so that these methods are formed from two sub-models. The obtained SOLUTIONS solving these two sub-models form a region that we consider it as optimal solution set of the ILFP. If the obtained solution satisfies in largest region of interval constraints of the ILFP model, the solution is called FEASIBLE. In the first method, we gain an optimal solution set that some of its points may not satisfy some constraints of the largest region, hence we use an alternative method to improve the optimal solution set such that we will able to remove the inFEASIBLE part of the optimal solution set of the first method by an alternative method and obtain a FEASIBLE optimal solution set. In the second method, to ensure that the optimal solution set is completely FEASIBLE, we add a supplementary constraint to the second sub-model and we obtain a FEASIBLE optimal solution set.

In many inFEASIBLE linear programs it is important to construct it to a FEASIBLE problem with a minimum parameters changing corresponding to a given nonnegative vector. This paper defines a new inverse problem, called “inverse FEASIBLE problem”. For a given inFEASIBLE polyhedron and an n-vector x0 a minimum perturbation on the parameters can be applied and then a FEASIBLE polyhedron is concluded.

A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the BASIC dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Building design is a quite complex activity where a team of designers working on diverse and contradictory parameters to make the balance between them. Because of this complexity, building performance simulation tools were developed and subsequently, the use of optimization methods, generally, as a decision-making tool is started. The current study is a review of the optimization methods and algorithms which are used in the design of the building and trying to discover the cause of their choice, practical issues, and demonstrate their capabilities and introduce key attributes. The lack of knowledge of architects about these issues and their backwardness compared to other disciplines related to design and maintain buildings double its importance. The most important BASIC rules to choose optimization strategy are classification algorithms and find suitable one for a specific problem. Several research papers in this area are investigated and according to them, optimization algorithms are divided into three categories including evolutionary algorithms, direct search (derivatives free), and the hybrid. The findings show that evolutionary algorithms and especially genetic algorithm application are more popular than other algorithms. The most study objectives to optimize are the environmental impact, the cost of initial investment, operating costs, and comfort criteria. In these studies, the design variables are construction materials, form and orientation of the building, cast shadows, and HVAC. In addition, the number of research papers that have used this algorithm to optimize the design of the building, than the number of articles on optimizing building control, is very low.

The influential physicist Richard Feynman became interested in the relationship between religion and science during a mid-career phase. He proposed that their interface was embroiled in unresolvable difficulties. He felt that science demanded an attitude of uncertainty for its claims, while religion contrarily required certain belief in its core doctrines. Though possessing several non-contradictory dimensions, Feynman felt that the nature of the truth claims of science and religion suffered from insurmountable elemental conflicts. This was by contrast to Karl Popper, the leading critical rationalist of the 20th century, who argued that there could be no tension between science and religion. This paper will argue that the ‘Feynman Problem’ is not as insoluble as it appears. Rather, several SOLUTIONS exist within critical rationalism. Two will be presented-the first revolves around the conjectural basis of knowledge and is already a well characterised critical rationalist notion. The second is a novel solution based on the separate categorisation of psychological, pragmatic, and epistemological attitudes to religion and science. Karl Popper’s view of religion-science dissimilarity was a minimalist point of departure for critical rationalists, who have developed increasingly sophisticated frameworks for investigating the relationship between faith and reason. Critical rationalism represents an equally inspirational methodology for the pursuit of scientific and religious truth. Though both Feynman and Popper’s views on religion were underdeveloped, they foreshadowed the religion-science frameworks advocated by many late 20th century scientists, especially in the form of New Atheism and Gould’s NOMA theory.